IMPORTANT NOTICE

GENERAL DISCLAIMER

THIS MATERIAL AND ITS CONTENTS (COLLECTIVELY, THIS “MATERIAL”) IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND MAY CHANGE AT ANY TIME FOR ANY REASON AND WITHOUT NOTICE. THIS MATERIAL IS STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL, CONTAINS CITADEL PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OR OTHER INFORMATION PROTECTED BY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS, AND MAY NOT BE DISCLOSED TO ANY PERSONS OTHER THAN THOSE FOR WHOM IT IS INTENDED. THIS MATERIAL MUST NOT BE COPIED, DISTRIBUTED, OR REDISTRIBUTED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF CITADEL OR CITADEL SECURITIES.

THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, INVITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO PURCHASE, ACQUIRE, SUBSCRIBE TO, PROVIDE OR SELL ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT.

THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT CONSTITUTE OR FORM PART OF ANY INVITATION, SOLICITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO ENGAGE IN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY. IT IS EMPHASISED THAT THIS MATERIAL IS BEING SENT TO YOU IN RELIANCE UPON YOUR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND ACCEPTANCE THAT THIS MATERIAL IS BEING SOLELY MADE TO AND DIRECTED AT PERSONS WHO ARE EITHER PROFESSIONAL CLIENTS OR ELIGIBLE COUNTERPARTIES AS THOSE EXPRESSIONS ARE DEFINED IN THE MARKETS IN FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS DIRECTIVE (2014/65/EU).

THIS MATERIAL MUST NOT BE ACTED UPON BY PERSONS WHO ARE NOT PROFESSIONAL CLIENTS OR ELIGIBLE COUNTERPARTIES AND ANY RECIPIENT OF THIS MATERIAL WHO IS NOT SUCH A PERSON, SHOULD TAKE NO FURTHER ACTION. THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A RECOMMENDATION REGARDING ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT AND MUST NOT FORM THE BASIS FOR OR BE RELIED ON IN CONNECTION WITH ANY CONTRACT OR INVESTMENT DECISION.

THIS MATERIAL MAY CONSTITUTE AN INVITATION TO CONSIDER ENTERING INTO DERIVATIVES TRANSACTIONS UNDER CFTC RULES 1.71 AND 23.605 BUT IN NO CASE SERVES AS A BINDING OFFER TO BUY OR SELL ANY INSTRUMENT OR ENTER INTO ANY TRANSACTION.

IN THE U.S., SWAPS ACTIVITY IS CONDUCTED BY CITADEL SECURITIES SWAP DEALER LLC, SECURITIES ACTIVITY WITH BROKER-DEALERS AND FX ACTIVITY UNDER THE FX GLOBAL CODE ARE CONDUCTED BY CITADEL SECURITIES LLC (MEMBER FINRA AND SIPC), AND SECURITIES ACTIVITY WITH NON-BROKER-DEALERS IS CONDUCTED BY CITADEL SECURITIES INSTITUTIONAL LLC (MEMBER FINRA AND SIPC).

IN THE U.K., SWAPS ACTIVITY IS CONDUCTED BY CITADEL SECURITIES (EUROPE) LIMITED. CITADEL SECURITIES (EUROPE) LIMITED IS AUTHORISED BY THE FINANCIAL CONDUCT AUTHORITY UNDER REGISTRATION NUMBER 447450. FOR RECIPIENTS IN THE UK, THE CONTENT OF THIS MATERIAL HAS NOT BEEN APPROVED BY AN AUTHORISED PERSON AS A FINANCIAL PROMOTION FOR THE PURPOSES OF SECTION 21 OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (FSMA). IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING ENGAGING IN ANY INVESTMENT ACTIVITY, YOU SHOULD SEEK APPROPRIATE INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ADVICE AND MAKE YOUR OWN ASSESSMENT.

IN IRELAND, SWAPS ACTIVITY IS CONDUCTED BY CITADEL SECURITIES GCS LIMITED. CITADEL SECURITIES GCS LIMITED IS AUTHORISED BY THE CENTRAL BANK OF IRELAND UNDER REGISTRATION NUMBER C173437. IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING ENGAGING IN ANY INVESTMENT ACTIVITY, YOU SHOULD SEEK APPROPRIATE INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ADVICE AND MAKE YOUR OWN ASSESSMENT.

FOR RECIPIENTS IN ASIA, NEITHER THE PROVISION OF THIS DOCUMENT NOR ANY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN SHALL CONSTITUTE AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, INVITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO PURCHASE, ACQUIRE, SUBSCRIBE TO, PROVIDE OR SELL ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT, NOR DOES THE DOCUMENT CONSTITUTE OR FORM PART OF ANY ADVICE, INVITATION, SOLICITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO ENGAGE IN ANY INVESTMENT ACTIVITY EXCEPT AS PERMITTED UNDER THE RELEVANT LOCAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS.

CITADEL SECURITIES DOES NOT PROVIDE TAX, ACCOUNTING, OR LEGAL ADVICE AND,

ACCORDINGLY, THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN DOES NOT CONSTITUTE, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS, SUCH. PLEASE CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX, ACCOUNTING, OR LEGAL ADVISORS.

ALL TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND LOGOS USED IN THIS MATERIAL ARE TRADEMARKS OR SERVICE MARKS OR REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OR REGISTERED SERVICE MARKS OF CITADEL ENTERPRISE AMERICAS LLC.

ASIA-PACIFIC

AUSTRALIA

FOR RECIPIENTS IN AUSTRALIA, THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT FOR DISTRIBUTING TO RETAIL CLIENTS AND IS DIRECTED EXCLUSIVELY AT WHOLESALE CLIENTS AS DEFINED UNDER SECTION 761G OF THE CORPORATIONS ACT. CITADEL SECURITIES (HONG KONG) LIMITED, CITADEL SECURITIES (EUROPE) LIMITED, CITADEL SECURITIES LLC AND CITADEL SECURITIES INSTITUTIONAL LLC ARE EACH EXEMPT FROM THE REQUIREMENT TO HOLD AN AUSTRALIAN FINANCIAL SERVICES LICENCE TO PROVIDE CERTAIN REGULATED FINANCIAL SERVICES OF THE KIND COTEMPLATED IN THIS MATERIAL IN AUSTRALIA. CITADEL SECURITIES (HONG KONG) LIMITED, CITADEL SECURITIES (EUROPE) LIMITED, CITADEL SECURITIES LLC AND CITADEL SECURITIES INSTITUTIONAL LLC ARE RESPECTIVELY: REGULATED BY THE SECURITIES AND FUTURES COMMISSION OF HONG KONG UNDER THE LAWS OF HONG KONG, AUTHORISED AND REGULATED BY THE FINANCIAL CONDUCT AUTHORITY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM UNDER THE LAWS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM; AND (IN THE CASE OF BOTH CITADEL SECURITIES LLC AND CITADEL SECURITIES INSTITUTIONAL LLC) REGULATED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNDER THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. IN EACH CASE THOSE LAWS DIFFER FROM AUSTRALIAN LAWS.

HONG KONG

FOR RECIPIENTS IN HONG KONG, NEITHER THE PROVISION OF THIS DOCUMENT NOR ANY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN SHALL CONSTITUTE AN ADVERTISEMENT, INVITATION OR DOCUMENT RELATING TO ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT WHICH IS DIRECTED AT, OR THE CONTENTS OF WHICH ARE LIKELY TO BE ACCESSED OR READ BY, THE PUBLIC IN HONG KONG (EXCEPT IF PERMITTED TO DO SO UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF HONG KONG) OTHER THAN WITH RESPECT TO FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WHICH ARE OR ARE INTENDED TO BE DISPOSED OF ONLY TO PERSONS OUTSIDE HONG KONG OR ONLY TO “PROFESSIONAL INVESTORS” AS DEFINED IN THE SECURITIES AND FUTURES ORDINANCE (CAP. 571) OF HONG KONG (THE “SFO”) AND ANY RULES MADE UNDER THE SFO.

INDONESIA

FOR RECIPIENTS IN INDONESIA, ANY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE INDONESIAN FINANCIAL SERVICES AUTHORITY (OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN) AND THEREFORE MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD IN INDONESIA OR TO PERSONS WHO ARE CITIZENS OF INDONESIA (WHEREVER THEY ARE DOMICILED OR LOCATED) OR ENTITIES OF OR RESIDENTS IN INDONESIA USING MASS MEDIA OR ANY OTHER FORM OF MEDIA DISTRIBUTED TO MORE THAN 100 INDONESIAN PARTIES OR OFFERED TO MORE THAN 100 INDONESIAN PARTIES AND/OR SOLD TO MORE THAN 50 INDONESIAN PARTIES WITHIN A CERTAIN TIME IN A MANNER WHICH CONSTITUTES A PUBLIC OFFERING AND/OR PRIVATE PLACEMENT UNDER THE LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

JAPAN

FOR RECEIPIENTS IN JAPAN, THE PROVISION OF THIS DOCUMENT NOR ANY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN SHALL CONSTITUTE AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, INVITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO PURCHASE, ACQUIRE, SUBSCRIBE TO, PROVIDE OR SELL ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT, NOR DOES THE DOCUMENT CONSTITUTE OR FORM PART OF ANY INVITATION, SOLICITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO ENGAGE IN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY EXCEPT AS PERMITTED UNDER THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND EXCHANGE LAW OF JAPAN (LAW NO. 25 OF 1948, AS AMENDED).

MALAYSIA

FOR RECIPIENTS IN MALAYSIA, THIS DOCUMENT IS SENT UPON YOUR SPECIFIC REQUEST AND IS FOR YOUR INTERNAL INFORMATION AND EDUCATION PURPOSES ONLY. THIS DOCUMENT HAS NOT AND SHALL NOT BE DISTRIBUTED TO ANY OTHER PERSON IN MALAYSIA FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSES. THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN SHALL IN NO WAY CONSTITUTE AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, INVITATION OR INDUCEMENT, PROPOSAL, SCHEME, TRANSACTION, ARRANGEMENT OR ACTIVITY, TO PURCHASE, ACQUIRE, SUBSCRIBE TO, PROVIDE, ISSUE OR SELL ANY PRODUCT, SERVICE, SECURITY, DERIVATIVE OR FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT (COLLECTIVELY, “FINANCIAL PRODUCT(S)”), NOR FORM PART OF ANY PROPOSAL, INVITATION, SOLICITATION OR INDUCEMENT, WHETHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, TO ENGAGE IN ANY ACTIVITY OR TRANSACTION REGULATED BY THE MALAYSIAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ACT 2013 AND/OR THE MALAYSIAN CAPITAL MARKETS AND SERVICES ACT 2007. ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE INVESTMENT ADVICE OR PROVIDING A RECOMMENDATION REGARDING ANY FINANCIAL PRODUCT, NOR SHALL IT OR ANY PART OF IT FORM THE BASIS OF OR BE RELIED ON IN CONNECTION WITH ANY CONTRACT OR INVESTMENT DECISION.

PHILIPPINES

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PROVIDED FROM OUTSIDE THE PHILIPPINES AT YOUR REQUEST AND FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY. NEITHER THE PROVISION OF THIS DOCUMENT NOR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN CONSTITUTES AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, INVITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO PURCHASE, ACQUIRE, SUBSCRIBE TO, PROVIDE OR SELL ANY SECURITIES OR FINANCIAL PRODUCTS OR SERVICES IN THE PHILIPPINES, NOR DOES IT CONSTITUTE AN INVESTMENT ADVICE OR RECOMMENDATION. THE SECURITIES, FINANCIAL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED OR OTHERWISE LICENSED FOR OFFERING, SALE OR DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES.

PRC

SINGAPORE

IN SINGAPORE, THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS INTENDED EXCLUSIVELY FOR USE BY PERSONS WHO QUALIFY AS INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AND/OR ACCREDITED INVESTORS (EACH AS DEFINED IN SECTION 4A OF THE SECURITIES AND FUTURES ACT 2001, AS MODIFIED OR AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME (THE “SFA”)). IT IS NOT AVAILABLE TO, DIRECTED TO, INTNEDED FOR USE AND MUST NOT BE RELIED ON BY PERSONS IN SINGAPORE WHO ARE NOT ACCREDITED INVESTORS OR INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO RETAIL INVESTORS. CITADEL’S ACTIVITIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT WOULD NOT SUBJECT IT TO LICENSING OR REGULATION IN SINGAPORE.

DISCLAIMER IN RELATION TO ANY PRODUCTS CONSTITUTING SECURITIES OR SECURITIES-BASED DERIVATIVES CONTRACTS UNDER THE SFA

THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR MATERIAL ISSUED IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFER OR SALE OF THE SECURITIES OR SECURITIES-BASED DERIVATIVES CONTRACTS IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AS DEFINED IN THE SFA. ACCORDINGLY, STATUTORY LIABILITY UNDER THE SFA IN RELATION TO THE CONTENT OF PROSPECTUSES WOULD NOT APPLY. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSIDER CAREFULLY WHETHER THE INVESTMENT IS SUITABLE FOR THEM.

THIS DOCUMENT HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED AS A PROSPECTUS WITH THE MONETARY AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE. ACCORDINGLY, THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR MATERIAL IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFER OR SALE, OR INVITATION FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR PURCHASE, OF THE SECURITIES OR SECURITIES-BASED DERIVATIVES CONTRACTS MAY NOT BE CIRCULATED OR DISTRIBUTED, NOR MAY SECURITIES OR SECURITIES-BASED DERIVATIVES CONTRACTS BE OFFERED OR SOLD, OR BE MADE THE SUBJECT OF AN INVITATION FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR PURCHASE, WHETHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, TO PERSONS IN SINGAPORE OTHER THAN (I) TO AN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR UNDER SECTION 274 OF THE SFA, (II) TO A RELEVANT PERSON PURSUANT TO SECTION 275(1) OF THE SFA, OR ANY PERSON PURSUANT TO SECTION 275(1A) OF THE SFA, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 275 OF THE SFA, OR (III) OTHERWISE PURSUANT TO, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF, ANY OTHER APPLICABLE PROVISION OF THE SFA.

WHERE SECURITIES OR SECURITIES-BASED DERIVATIVES CONTRACTS ARE SUBSCRIBED OR PURCHASED UNDER SECTION 275 OF THE SFA BY A RELEVANT PERSON WHICH IS:

(I) A CORPORATION (WHICH IS NOT AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR (AS DEFINED IN SECTION 4A OF THE SFA)) THE SOLE BUSINESS OF WHICH IS TO HOLD INVESTMENTS AND THE ENTIRE SHARE CAPITAL OF WHICH IS OWNED BY ONE OR MORE INDIVIDUALS, EACH OF WHOM IS AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR; OR
(II) A TRUST (WHERE THE TRUSTEE IS NOT AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR) WHOSE SOLE PURPOSE IS TO HOLD INVESTMENTS AND EACH BENEFICIARY OF THE TRUST IS AN INDIVIDUAL WHO IS AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR,

SECURITIES OR SECURITIES-BASED DERIVATIVES CONTRACTS (BOTH AS DEFINED IN SECTION 2(1) OF THE SFA) OF THAT CORPORATION OR THE BENEFICIARIES’ RIGHTS AND INTEREST (HOWSOEVER DESCRIBED) IN THAT TRUST SHALL NOT BE TRANSFERRED WITHIN SIX MONTHS AFTER THAT CORPORATION OR THAT TRUST HAS ACQUIRED THE SECURITIES OR SECURITIES-BASED DERIVATIVES CONTRACTS PURSUANT TO AN OFFER MADE UNDER SECTION 275 OF THE SFA EXCEPT:

(I) TO AN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR OR TO A RELEVANT PERSON DEFINED IN SECTION 275(2) OF THE SFA, OR TO ANY PERSON ARISING FROM AN OFFER REFERRED TO IN SECTION 275(1A) OR SECTION 276(4)(C)(II) OF THE SFA;
(II)WHERE NO CONSIDERATION IS OR WILL BE GIVEN FOR THE TRANSFER;
(IIV) WHERE THE TRANSFER IS BY OPERATION OF LAW;
(IV) AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 276(7) OF THE SFA; OR
(V) AS SPECIFIED IN REGULATION 37A OF THE SECURITIES AND FUTURES (OFFERS OF INVESTMENTS) (SECURITIES AND SECURITIES-BASED DERIVATIVES CONTRACTS) REGULATIONS 2018 OF SINGAPORE.

SOUTH KOREA

DISCLAIMER IN RELATION TO ANY PRODUCTS CONSTITUTING SECURITIES UNDER THE FINANCIAL INVESTMENT SERVICES AND CAPITAL MARKETS ACT OF KOREA (THE “FSCMA”):

THE SECURITIES DESCRIBED HEREIN HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED WITH THE FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION OF KOREA IN KOREA UNDER THE FSCMA. THE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR DELIVERED, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN KOREA OR TO, OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF, ANY RESIDENT OF KOREA (AS DEFINED IN THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS LAW OF KOREA AND ITS ENFORCEMENT DECREE), OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON FOR REOFFERING, RESALE OR RE-DELIVERY, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN KOREA OR TO, OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF, ANY RESIDENT OF KOREA WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR OF THE ISSUANCE OF THE SECURITIES, EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE KOREAN LAWS AND REGULATIONS. FURTHERMORE, THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD OR RESOLD TO KOREAN RESIDENTS UNLESS THE PURCHASER OF THE SECURITIES COMPLIES WITH ALL APPLICABLE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO GOVERNMENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS LAW OF KOREA AND ITS ENFORCEMENT DECREE) IN CONNECTION WITH THE PURCHASE OF THE SECURITIES.

TAIWAN

ANY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE MADE AVAILABLE OUTSIDE TAIWAN TO TAIWAN RESIDENT INVESTORS OUTSIDE TAIWAN BUT ARE NOT PERMITTED TO BE MARKETED, OFFERED OR SOLD IN TAIWAN. NO PERSON OR ENTITY IN TAIWAN HAS BEEN AUTHORISED TO OFFER, SELL, GIVE ADVICE REGARDING OR OTHERWISE INTERMEDIATE THE OFFERING AND SALE OF SUCH SERVICES OR PRODUCTS IN TAIWAN.

THAILAND

FOR RECIPIENTS IN THAILAND, THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED ON A PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL BASIS TO YOU AT YOUR OWN INITIAL UNSOLICITED REQUEST. IT HAS BEEN PROVIDED AT YOUR REQUEST FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE COPIED OR REDISTRIBUTED TO ANY OTHER PERSON OR DISTRIBUTED TO THE PUBLIC WITHOUT THE PRIOR CONSENT OF CITADEL SECURITIES OR ITS AFFILIATES AND IN NO WAY CONSTITUTES AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, ADVERTISEMENT OR ADVICE OF, OR IN RELATION TO, THE RELEVANT SECURITIES, DERIVATIVES OR PRODUCTS SPECIFIED HEREIN BY CITADEL SECURITIES OR ANY OF ITS OTHER AFFILIATES AND THEIR REPRESENTATIVES IN THAILAND. PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS HAS NOT BEEN APPROVED BY THE THAILAND SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WHICH TAKES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ITS CONTENTS.

EMEA

ARMENIA

CITADEL IS NOT LICENSED TO PROVIDE INVESTMENT SERVICES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA. THE SERVICES PROVIDED TO ARMENIAN CLIENTS ARE PROVIDED ON REVERSE-SOLICITATION BASIS OUTSIDE OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA.

AZERBAIJAN

THIS COMMUNICATION IS NOT AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS ADVERTISEMENT, OFFER, OR SOLICITATION OF THE CONTEMPLATED PRODUCTS AND RELATED SERVICES OR OTHER FINANCIAL MARKET PRODUCTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN AND IS INTENDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

IRELAND

NEITHER THIS DOCUMENT NOR ANY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT SHALL CONSTITUTE AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, INVITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO PURCHASE, ACQUIRE, SUBSCRIBE TO, PROVIDE OR SELL ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT, NOR DOES THE DOCUMENT CONSTITUTE OR FORM PART OF ANY INVITATION, SOLICITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO AVAIL OF ANY INVESTMENT SERVICE OR ENGAGE IN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY, AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE MARKETS IN FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS DIRECTIVE (2014/65/EU), NOR DOES IT CONSTITUTE A PERSONAL RECOMMENDATION REGARDING ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT, NOR SHALL IT OR ANY PART OF IT FORM THE BASIS OF OR BE RELIED ON IN CONNECTION WITH ANY CONTRACT OR INVESTMENT DECISION.

IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING AVAILING OF ANY INVESTMENT SERVICE OR ENGAGING IN ANY INVESTMENT ACTIVITY, YOU SHOULD SEEK APPROPRIATE INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ADVICE AND MAKE YOUR OWN ASSESSMENT. THIS COMMUNICATION IS MADE TO AND DIRECTED ONLY AT PROFESSIONAL CLIENTS AND ELIGIBLE COUNTERPARTIES AS DEFINED IN THE MARKETS IN FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS DIRECTIVE (2014/65/EU) (ALL SUCH PERSONS TOGETHER BEING REFERRED TO AS RELEVANT PERSONS). THIS DOCUMENT MUST NOT BE ACTED UPON PERSONS WHO ARE NOT RELEVANT PERSONS AND ANY INVESTMENT OR INVESTMENT ACTIVITY TO WHICH THIS DOCUMENT RELATES IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO, AND WILL BE ENGAGED IN ONLY WITH, RELEVANT PERSONS. PERSONS WHO ARE NOT RELEVANT PERSONS SHOULD NOT RELY ON THIS DOCUMENT. ANY RECIPIENT OF THIS DOCUMENT WHO IS NOT A RELEVANT PERSON SHOULD RETURN IT TO CITADEL IMMEDIATELY AND TAKE NO FURTHER ACTION.

ISRAEL

THE DOCUMENT AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT ARE PRESENTED IN THE STATE OF ISRAEL BASED ON AN EXEMPTION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAW, 1968 (THE “ISRAELI SECURITIES LAW”) AND THE JOINT INVESTMENT TRUST LAW, 1994 (THE “MUTUAL FUNDS LAW”). THE DOCUMENT AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT ARE PRESENTED IN THE STATE OF ISRAEL ONLY TO CERTAIN SOPHISTICATED INVESTORS LISTED IN THE FIRST SCHEDULE OF THE ISRAELI SECURITIES LAW. NEITHER THE DOCUMENT NOR ANY INFORMATION CONTAIN IN IT HAS BEEN APPROVED BY ANY ISRAELI AUTHORITY. NONE OF CITADEL SECURITIES (EUROPE) LIMITED, CITADEL SECURITIES SWAP DEALER LLC OR CITADEL SECURITIES INSTITUTIONAL LLC, NOR ANY OF THEIR REPRESENTATIVES ARE LICENSED UNDER THE ISRAELI REGULATION OF INVESTMENT ADVICE, INVESTMENT MARKETING AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT LAW, 1995. IN MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION, INVESTORS MUST ONLY RELY ON THEIR OWN EXAMINATION OF THE SERVICES DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT AND THEIR TERMS, INCLUDING THE MERITS AND RISKS INVOLVED, AND SHOULD SEEK ADVICE FROM APPROPRIATE ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, TAX AND FINANCIAL RAMIFICATIONS.

RUSSIA

THIS DOCUMENT OR INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN IS NOT AN OFFER, OR AN INVITATION TO MAKE OFFERS, TO SELL, EXCHANGE OR OTHERWISE TRANSFER SECURITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TO OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANY RUSSIAN PERSON OR ENTITY AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN ADVERTISEMENT OR OFFERING OF SECURITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITHIN THE MEANING OF RUSSIAN SECURITIES LAWS. INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE DOCUMENT IS NOT INTENDED FOR ANY PERSONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WHO ARE NOT “QUALIFIED INVESTORS” WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 51.2 OF THE FEDERAL LAW NO. 39-FZ “ON THE SECURITIES MARKET” DATED 22 APRIL 1996, AS AMENDED (THE “RUSSIAN QIS”) AND MUST NOT BE DISTRIBUTED OR CIRCULATED INTO RUSSIA OR MADE AVAILABLE IN RUSSIA TO ANY PERSONS WHO ARE NOT RUSSIAN QIS, UNLESS AND TO THE EXTENT THEY ARE OTHERWISE PERMITTED TO ACCESS SUCH INFORMATION UNDER RUSSIAN LAW. THE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED IN RUSSIA AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR “PLACEMENT” OR “CIRCULATION” IN RUSSIA (EACH AS DEFINED IN RUSSIAN SECURITIES LAWS) UNLESS AND TO THE EXTENT OTHERWISE PERMITTED UNDER RUSSIAN LAW. INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS NOT AN INDIVIDUAL INVESTMENT RECOMMENDATION. THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND OPERATIONS SPECIFIED HEREIN MAY NOT CORRESPOND TO YOUR RISK PROFILE AND YOUR INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES OR EXPECTATIONS. DETERMINATION IF A PARTICULAR FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT OR OPERATION IS IN YOUR INTEREST AND CORRESPONDS TO YOUR INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, INVESTMENT HORIZON AND ACCEPTABLE RISK LEVEL IS YOUR OWN RESPONSIBILITY. CITADEL SECURITIES SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LOSSES RELATED TO OPERATIONS WITH, OR INVESTMENT IN, THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS SPECIFIED HEREIN AND DOES NOT RECOMMEND USING THIS DOCUMENT AS THE ONLY SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION. ADDITIONALLY, WE NOTE THAT WE DO NOT PROVIDE INVESTMENT CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR THE PURPOSES OF RUSSIAN LAW.

SWITZERLAND

THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS MATERIAL IS OF GENERAL NATURE AND FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY. IT SHALL NOT BE CONTRUED AS AN ADVERTISEMENT FOR FINANCIAL SERVICES OR FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, OR RECOMMENDATION FOR FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS OR TO ENGAGE IN FINANCIAL SERVICES UNDER THE SWISS FINANCIAL SERVICES ACT (“FINSA”). THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN IMPLICIT OR EXPLICIT INVESTMENT ADVICE ON FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AS CONSTRUED UNDER FINSA. CONSEQUENTLY, NO APPROPRIATENESS OR SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT WILL BE PERFORMED.

TURKEY

NO INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED FOR THE PURPOSE OF OFFERING, MARKETING AND SALE BY ANY MEANS OF ANY CAPITAL MARKET INSTRUMENTS/SERVICES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY. THEREFORE, THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE CONSIDERED AS AN OFFER MADE OR TO BE MADE TO RESIDENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY. THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES REFERRED TO IN THIS [DOCUMENT] ARE NOT PRODUCTS OR SERVICES AUTHORIZED/LICENSED/APPROVED BY THE CAPITAL MARKETS BOARD UNDER THE CAPITAL MARKETS LAW (LAW NO. 6362) AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE TO AN OFFER OF PRODUCTS/SERVICES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY.

UNITED KINGDOM

FOR RECIPIENTS IN THE UK, THE CONTENT OF THIS MATERIAL HAS NOT BEEN APPROVED BY AN AUTHORISED PERSON AS A FINANCIAL PROMOTION FOR THE PURPOSES OF SECTION 21 OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (FSMA). NEITHER THIS DOCUMENT NOR ANY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT SHALL CONSTITUTE AN OFFER, SOLICITATION, INVITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO PURCHASE, ACQUIRE, SUBSCRIBE TO, PROVIDE OR SELL ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT, NOR DOES THE DOCUMENT CONSTITUTE OR FORM PART OF ANY INVITATION, SOLICITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO ENGAGE IN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY UNDER SECTION 21 OF FSMA (AS AMENDED), NOR DOES IT CONSTITUTE A RECOMMENDATION REGARDING ANY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT, NOR SHALL IT OR ANY PART OF IT FORM THE BASIS OF OR BE RELIED ON IN CONNECTION WITH ANY CONTRACT OR INVESTMENT DECISION.

IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING ENGAGING IN ANY INVESTMENT ACTIVITY, YOU SHOULD SEEK APPROPRIATE INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ADVICE AND MAKE YOUR OWN ASSESSMENT. THIS COMMUNICATION IS MADE TO AND DIRECTED ONLY AT INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS AS DEFINED IN ARTICLE 19 OF THE FSMA 2000 (FINANCIAL PROMOTIONS) ORDER 2005 AND OTHER PERSONS WHO ARE PERMITTED BY LAW TO RECEIVE IT (ALL SUCH PERSONS TOGETHER BEING REFERRED TO AS RELEVANT PERSONS). THIS DOCUMENT MUST NOT BE ACTED UPON PERSONS WHO ARE NOT RELEVANT PERSONS AND ANY INVESTMENT OR INVESTMENT ACTIVITY TO WHICH THIS DOCUMENT RELATES IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO, AND WILL BE ENGAGED IN ONLY WITH, RELEVANT PERSONS. PERSONS WHO ARE NOT RELEVANT PERSONS SHOULD NOT RELY ON THIS DOCUMENT. ANY RECIPIENT OF THIS DOCUMENT WHO IS NOT A RELEVANT PERSON SHOULD RETURN IT TO CITADEL IMMEDIATELY AND TAKE NO FURTHER ACTION.

SOUTH AFRICA

THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY ATTACHMENTS THERETO CONSTITUTE FACTUAL, OBJECTIVE INFORMATION ABOUT CITADEL AND NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHOULD BE CONSTRUED AS CONSTITUTING ANY FORM OF INVESTMENT ADVICE OR RECOMMENDATION, GUIDANCE OR PROPOSAL OF A FINANCIAL NATURE IN RESPECT OF ANY TRANSACTION RELATING TO A FINANCIAL PRODUCT. CITADEL IS NOT LICENSED AS A FINANCIAL SERVICES PROVIDER IN SOUTH AFRICA AND NOTHING IN THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD BE CONSTRUED AS CONSTITUTING THE CANVASSING FOR, OR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING OF FINANCIAL SERVICES BY CITADEL.

AMERICAS

BRAZIL

THE CONTENT OF THIS MATERIAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE SOLELY INTENDED FOR THE USE OF THE PERSON TO WHOM THEY ARE ADDRESSED AND HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED FOR PUBLIC OFFERING IN BRAZIL AND IS NOT BEING OFFERED TO THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL IN BRAZIL.

BVI

THIS OFFER DOES NOT CONSTITUTE, AND THERE WILL NOT BE, AN OFFERING OF SECURITIES TO THE PUBLIC IN THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS.

CANADA

THE CONTENT OF THIS MATERIAL HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED BY ANY CANADIAN SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SECURITIES IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD BE UNLAWFUL, AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY OR AN ADVERTISEMENT IN RESPECT OF SECURITIES IN ANY PROVINCE OR TERRITORY OF CANADA. ANY OFFER OR SALE OF THE SECURITIES DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS REQUIREMENTS UNDER CANADIAN SECURITIES LAWS, OR PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM THE PROSPECTUS REQUIREMENT, AND ONLY THROUGH A DEALER REGISTERED UNDER CANADIAN SECURITIES LAWS IN THE APPLICABLE PROVINCE OR TERRITORY OF CANADA TO MAKE THE TRADE, OR EXEMPT FROM THE DEALER REGISTRATION REQUIREMENT.

CAYMAN ISLANDS

NEITHER OF CITADEL SECURITIES (EUROPE) LIMITED NOR CITADEL SECURITIES LLC INTENDS OR IS LICENSED OR REGISTERED TO CONDICT BUSINESS IN, FROM OR WITHIN THE CAYMAN ISLANDS.

MEXICO

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